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Commit f04fa39e authored by Martin Clochard's avatar Martin Clochard
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New example: fenwick trees

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examples/fenwick.mlw 0 → 100644
View file @ f04fa39e
(* Fenwick trees (or binary indexed tree) for prefix/interval sums.
Represent an integer array over interval [0;n[ such that the following
operations are both efficient:
. incrementation of individual cell (O(log(n)))
. Query sum of elements over interval [a;b[ (O(log(b-a)))
Author: Martin Clochard (Université Paris Sud) *)
(* Array-based implementation with i->(2i+1,2i+2) node encoding:
. Integer represent nodes
. 0 is the root
. childs of node n are 2n+1 and 2n+2
. Leaves represent the model array cells. For n > 0 elements in the model,
they are represented by the cells over the range [n-1;2n-1[
The structure manage queries by keeping for each node the sum of the
values of all descendant leaves, which we call here 'node summary' *)
module Fenwick
use import int.Int
use import int.ComputerDivision
use import ref.Ref
use import int.Sum
use import array.Array as A
(* Encode fenwick trees within an array. The leaves field represent
the actual number of element within the model. *)
type fenwick = {
t : array int;
ghost leaves : int;
}
(* Invariant *)
predicate valid (f:fenwick) =
f.leaves >= 0 /\
f.t.length = (if f.leaves = 0 then 0 else 2 * f.leaves - 1) /\
forall i. 0 <= i /\ i < f.leaves - 1 ->
f.t[i] = f.t[2*i+1] + f.t[2*i+2]
(* Get the i-th elements of the model. *)
function get (f:fenwick) (i:int) : int = f.t[i+f.leaves-1]
(* Get the sum of elements over range [a;b[ *)
function rget (f:fenwick) (a b:int) : int = sum a b (get f)
(* Create a Fenwick tree initialized at 0 *)
let make (lv:int) : fenwick
requires { lv >= 0 }
ensures { valid result }
ensures { forall i. 0 <= i < lv -> get result i = 0 }
ensures { result.leaves = lv }
= { t = if lv = 0 then make 0 0 else make (2*lv-1) 0;
leaves = lv }
(* Add x to the l-th cell *)
let add (f:fenwick) (l:int) (x:int) : unit
requires { 0 <= l < f.leaves /\ valid f }
ensures { valid f }
ensures { forall i. 0 <= i < f.leaves /\ i <> l ->
get f i = get (old f) i }
ensures { get f l = get (old f) l + x }
= let lc = ref (div f.t.length 2 + l) in
f.t[!lc] <- f.t[!lc] + x;
(* Update node summaries for all elements on the path
from the updated leaf to the root. *)
'I:
while !lc <> 0 do
invariant { 0 <= !lc < f.t.length }
invariant { forall i. 0 <= i /\ i < f.leaves - 1 ->
f.t[i] = f.t[2*i+1] + f.t[2*i+2] -
if 2*i+1 <= !lc <= 2*i+2 then x else 0 }
invariant { forall i. f.leaves - 1 <= i < f.t.length ->
f.t[i] = (at f 'I).t[i] }
variant { !lc }
lc := div (!lc - 1) 2;
f.t[!lc] <- f.t[!lc] + x
done
(* Lemma to shift dum indices. *)
let rec ghost sum_dec (a b c:int) : unit
requires { a <= b }
ensures { forall f g. (forall i. a <= i < b -> f i = g (i+c)) ->
sum a b f = sum (a+c) (b+c) g }
variant { b - a }
= if a < b then sum_dec (a+1) b c
(* Crucial lemma for the query routine: Summing the node summaries
over range [2a+1;2b+1[ is equivalent to summing node summaries
over range [a;b[. This is because the elements of range [2a+1;2b+1[
are exactly the childs of elements of range [a;b[. *)
let rec ghost fen_compact (f:fenwick) (a b:int) : unit
requires { 0 <= a <= b /\ 2 * b < f.t.length /\ valid f }
ensures { sum a b (A.get f.t) = sum (2*a+1) (2*b+1) (A.get f.t) }
variant { b - a }
= if a < b then fen_compact f (a+1) b
(* Query sum of elements over interval [a,b[. *)
let query (f:fenwick) (a b:int) : int
requires { 0 <= a <= b <= f.leaves /\ valid f }
ensures { result = rget f a b }
= let lv = div f.t.length 2 in
let ra = ref (a + lv) in let rb = ref (b + lv) in
let acc = ref 0 in
ghost sum_dec a b lv;
(* If ra = rb, the sum is 0.
Otherwise, adjust the range to odd boundaries in constant time
and use compaction lemma to halve interval size. *)
while !ra <> !rb do
invariant { 0 <= !ra <= !rb <= f.t.length }
invariant { !acc + sum !ra !rb (A.get f.t) = rget f a b }
variant { !rb - !ra }
if mod !ra 2 = 0 then acc := !acc + f.t[!ra];
ra := div !ra 2;
rb := !rb - 1;
if mod !rb 2 <> 0 then acc := !acc + f.t[!rb];
rb := div !rb 2;
ghost fen_compact f !ra !rb
done;
!acc
end
examples/fenwick/why3session.xml 0 → 100644
View file @ f04fa39e
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE why3session PUBLIC "-//Why3//proof session v5//EN"
"http://why3.lri.fr/why3session.dtd">
<why3session shape_version="4">
<prover id="0" name="CVC4" version="1.4" timelimit="5" steplimit="0" memlimit="1000"/>
<prover id="1" name="Alt-Ergo" version="1.30" timelimit="5" steplimit="0" memlimit="1000"/>
<file name="../fenwick.mlw">
<theory name="Fenwick" sum="2acffcabae53480cd6db25628871c757">
<goal name="WP_parameter make" expl="VC for make">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.03" steps="29"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter add" expl="VC for add">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.74" steps="353"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter sum_dec" expl="VC for sum_dec">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.06" steps="67"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter fen_compact" expl="VC for fen_compact">
<proof prover="0"><result status="valid" time="1.36"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query" expl="VC for query">
<transf name="split_goal_wp">
<goal name="WP_parameter query.1" expl="1. precondition">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.01" steps="6"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.2" expl="2. loop invariant init">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.02" steps="16"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.3" expl="3. loop invariant init">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.19" steps="154"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.4" expl="4. index in array bounds">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.01" steps="12"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.5" expl="5. index in array bounds">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.01" steps="17"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.6" expl="6. precondition">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.13" steps="95"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.7" expl="7. loop invariant preservation">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.01" steps="25"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.8" expl="8. loop invariant preservation">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.78" steps="434"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.9" expl="9. loop variant decrease">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.11" steps="74"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.10" expl="10. precondition">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.08" steps="69"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.11" expl="11. loop invariant preservation">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.01" steps="22"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.12" expl="12. loop invariant preservation">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="1.57" steps="646"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.13" expl="13. loop variant decrease">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.02" steps="32"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.14" expl="14. index in array bounds">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.00" steps="15"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.15" expl="15. precondition">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.14" steps="97"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.16" expl="16. loop invariant preservation">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.01" steps="23"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.17" expl="17. loop invariant preservation">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.88" steps="427"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.18" expl="18. loop variant decrease">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.14" steps="70"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.19" expl="19. precondition">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.09" steps="73"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.20" expl="20. loop invariant preservation">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.01" steps="20"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.21" expl="21. loop invariant preservation">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="1.00" steps="546"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.22" expl="22. loop variant decrease">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.05" steps="55"/></proof>
</goal>
<goal name="WP_parameter query.23" expl="23. postcondition">
<proof prover="1"><result status="valid" time="0.01" steps="17"/></proof>
</goal>
</transf>
</goal>
</theory>
</file>
</why3session>
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