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Commit 462af650 authored by MARCHE Claude's avatar MARCHE Claude
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New example: triangle inequality in R^2

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examples/triangle_inequality.why 0 → 100644
View file @ 462af650
(** {1 The Triangle Inequality}
by Claude Marché, using suggestions from Guillaume Melquiond
We first prove the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
See also on Wikipedia: {h <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy–Schwarz_inequality">Cauchy-Schwarz
inequality</a>} and {h <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_inequality">Triangle
inequality</a>}
*)
theory CauchySchwarzInequality
use import real.Real
use import real.Square
(** dot product, a.k.a. scalar product, of two vectors *)
function dot (x1:real) (x2:real) (y1:real) (y2:real) : real =
x1*y1 + x2*y2
(** square of the norm of a vector *)
function norm2 (x1:real) (x2:real) : real =
sqr x1 + sqr x2
(** square of the norm is non-negative *)
lemma norm2_pos :
forall x1 x2:real. norm2 x1 x2 >= 0.0
(** main Cauchy-Schwarz lemma *)
(** paper proof:
||x||² + 2t<x,y> + t²||y||² = P(t) = ||x+t*y||² >= 0
but P(-<x,y>/||y||²) = ||x||² - <x,y>²/||y||²
hence <x,y>² <= ||x||²*||y||²
*)
function p (x1:real) (x2:real) (y1:real) (y2:real) (t:real) : real =
norm2 x1 x2 + 2.0 * t * dot x1 x2 y1 y2 + sqr t * norm2 y1 y2
lemma p_expr :
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 t:real.
p x1 x2 y1 y2 t = norm2 (x1 + t * y1) (x2 + t * y2)
lemma p_pos:
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 t:real. p x1 x2 y1 y2 t >= 0.0
lemma mul_div_simpl :
forall x y:real. y <> 0.0 -> (x/y)*y = x
lemma p_val_part:
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 t:real.
norm2 y1 y2 > 0.0 ->
p x1 x2 y1 y2 (- dot x1 x2 y1 y2 / norm2 y1 y2) =
norm2 x1 x2 - sqr (dot x1 x2 y1 y2) / norm2 y1 y2
lemma p_val_part_pos:
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 t:real.
norm2 y1 y2 > 0.0 ->
norm2 x1 x2 - sqr (dot x1 x2 y1 y2) / norm2 y1 y2 >= 0.0
lemma p_val_part_pos_aux:
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 t:real.
norm2 y1 y2 > 0.0 ->
norm2 y1 y2 * p x1 x2 y1 y2 (- dot x1 x2 y1 y2 / norm2 y1 y2) >= 0.0
lemma CauchySchwarz_aux_non_null:
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 : real.
norm2 y1 y2 > 0.0 ->
sqr (dot x1 x2 y1 y2) <= norm2 x1 x2 * norm2 y1 y2
lemma norm_null:
forall y1 y2 : real.
norm2 y1 y2 = 0.0 -> y1 = 0.0 \/ y2 = 0.0
lemma CauchySchwarz_aux_null:
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 : real.
norm2 y1 y2 = 0.0 ->
sqr (dot x1 x2 y1 y2) <= norm2 x1 x2 * norm2 y1 y2
lemma CauchySchwarz_aux:
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 : real.
sqr (dot x1 x2 y1 y2) <= norm2 x1 x2 * norm2 y1 y2
(** norm of a vector *)
function norm (x1:real) (x2:real) : real = sqrt (norm2 x1 x2)
(** norm is non-negative *)
lemma norm_pos :
forall x1 x2:real. norm x1 x2 >= 0.0
(** lemma to help the next one *)
lemma sqr_le_sqrt :
forall x y:real. 0.0 <= x /\ 0.0 <= sqr x <= y -> x <= sqrt y
(** Cauchy-Schwarz inequality : <x,y> <= ||x||*||y|| *)
lemma CauchySchwarz:
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 : real.
dot x1 x2 y1 y2 <= norm x1 x2 * norm y1 y2
end
theory TriangleInequality
use import real.Real
use import real.Square
use import CauchySchwarzInequality
(** Triangle inequality, proved thanks to
||x+y||² = ||x||² + 2<x,y> + ||y||²
<= ||x||² + 2||x||*||y|| + ||y||²
= (||x|| + ||y||)²
*)
lemma triangle_aux :
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 : real.
norm2 (x1+y1) (x2+y2) <= sqr (norm x1 x2 + norm y1 y2)
(* lemma to help the next one *)
lemma sqr_sqrt_le :
forall x y:real. 0.0 <= y /\ 0.0 <= x <= sqr y -> sqrt x <= y
lemma triangle :
forall x1 x2 y1 y2 : real.
norm (x1+y1) (x2+y2) <= norm x1 x2 + norm y1 y2
end
\ No newline at end of file
examples/triangle_inequality/why3session.xml 0 → 100644
View file @ 462af650
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE why3session SYSTEM "/usr/local/share/why3/why3session.dtd">
<why3session
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<prover
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<prover
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<prover
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<prover
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<file
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verified="true"
expanded="true">
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<proof
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<proof
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<theory
name="TriangleInequality"
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